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Abstract
One of the obstacles often encountered in the
cultivation of gourami is a relatively slow rate of growth compared with other freshwater fishes. This slow
growth is partly due to the incomplete and unbalanced nutritional content and the low ability of the fish to digest a certain type of feed materials. The ability to digest fish feed types depends on the quality and quantity of feed and enzymes present in the digestive tract. The enzymes released by the glands in the gut have the function to digest food elements. Among the enzymes involved in digestion are amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, pectinase, and pullulanase. To improve digestion, the use of artificial enzymes in certain doses is combined with natural food such as papaya to optimize the dose of artificial enzymes. The use of papaya is already widely used as a food supplement, especially in the gourami grow-out culture. Aside from being natural food, papaya leaves can also serve as a natural source of digestive enzymes. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal dose of artificial enzymes added to feed which can improve the digestibility and growth of gourami. In this study, treatments of artificial feeding of gourami were used addition of artificial enzymes amounting to 1% (A), 2% (B), 3% (C), papaya leaves and pellets (D), and pellets alone (E). Results after two months rearing showed that the digestibility of feed supplemented with natural enzymes in papaya (papain) can be further improve optimized by the addition of artificial digestive enzymes in a dose of 3% of the weight of the feed, the fish of this treatments group showed that faster growth compared with other treatments.
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References
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References
Afzriansyah, and Saifullah, A. N. Putra. 2014. Prebiotic application to increase feed digestibility of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 4 No 4: 235-242.
Amalia, R., Subandiyono, and E. Arini. 2013. The effect of papain on dietary protein utility and growth of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus). J. Aquaculture Management and Technology, 2 (1):136-143.
Arafat, M.Y., N. Abdulgani and Rendro D.D. 2015. Effect of adding enzymes to fish feed on the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Jur Sains and Seni, ITS Vol 4 1: B21-B25.
Aravind, G., Debjit Bhaownik, Duraivel, S., and Harish, G. 2013. Tradisional and medicinal uses of carica papaya. Jour. Of Medicinal Plants Studies, Vol 1 issue 1: 7- 15.
Handajani, H. and W. Widodo.2010. fish nutrition. UMM press, Malang
Hasan, O D S. 2000. The effect of the administration of papain enzymes in artificial feed on protein utilization and growth of seed gurame (Osphronemus gourami). (Tesis). Program of Pascasarjana Bogor of Agricultural Institute, Bogor, 71 pp. Hassanatabar, F., H. Ouraji, A. Esmaeili and S.S. Babaei. 2013. Study on the activities of digestive enzymes, amylase and alkaline phosphate, in kutum larvae, Rutilus frisiikutum fed Artemia nauplii. World J. of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5 (3): 266- 270.
Kiha, A F., W. Murningsih and Tristiarti. 2012. the effect of feed ripening with papaya leaf extract on fat digestibility and energy metabolism of broiler chickens. Animal Agricultural Journal, Vol. 1 No 1:265-276
Khodidjah, D., D. Rachmawati and Pinandoyo. 2015. Growth performance of sangkuriang seeds (Clarias gariepinus) through the addition of papain enzymes in artificial. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology 4 (2):35-43.
Mareta, R.E., Subandiyono, and S. Hastuti. 2017. Effect of papain and probiotics in artificial feed efficiency utilization level and growth rate of gourame (Osphronemous gourami). Jurnal Sains Akuakultur Tropic : 1 (2017)1: 21-30.
Martantyo, D., P. Tamara, dan U. Arga. 2013. enzyme isolation from fruit and leaves extract of papaya. Jur T Chemical Engineering, Fak. Of Engineering, Univ
Diponegoro. Marzuqi, M. and Anjusary, D.N. 2013. Nutrient
digestibility feed with different levels of protein and lipid on coral rock ggrouper (Epinephelus coralicola) Juvenile. J. Ilmu dan Kelautan Tropis, 5(2): 311-323.
Prabarini, D., E. Harpeni and Wardiyanto. 2017. Addition on enzyme composition in commercial feed to growth performance and survival rate of baung fish (Mystus nemurus) in tarpaulin pondsdi kolam terpal. Jour. Sains Teknologi Akuakultur 1(2): 120-127.
Rachmawati, D. and S. Istiyanto. 2014. Addition of phytase artificial feed to increase digesting, specific growth and survival rate of nile tilapia fingerling (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Saintek Perikanan, 10(1): 48-55
Said, A. 2006. Studi of effect of the addition of different persentage ezympleks on feed ingredients on growth and survival of gourame seeds in the general water studi das musi. Proceeding of 3rd annual national seminar of fisheries and marine research, July 27th 2006: 332-339.
Susilo, U., E. Yuwono, F. N Rachmawati, S. Priyanto , and Hana.2015. Characteristics of the digestive enzyme protease and amylase of gurame (Osphronemus gourami Lac.). Biosfera 32 (2) Mei 2015:137-142.
Yidirim, Y.B and F. Tutran. 2010. Effect exogeneus enzim supplementation in diet on growth and feed utilization in africa catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Animal and Veterinery Advance 9 (2): 327- 331.
Zamini, A.A., H.G Kanani, A A Esmaeili, S.Ramesani and S. J Zoriezahra. 2012. Effects of two dietary exogeneous multi- enzym supplementation, natuzyme and beta-mannanase (Hemicell) on growth and blood parameters of caspian salmon (Salmon trutta caspius). Comp Clin Patrol,