Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the feed types for Brazilian silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum), consisting of Poecilia reticulata (guppy fish), Gryllus mitratus (local cricket) and Blaptica Dubia (Dubia roach). The best feed ratios were compared to improve the performance growth of Arowana. The research was conducted in October - November 2022 at the ornamental fish farm named Badai Arwana Tasikmalaya, West Java. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design through five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of (A) guppy fish as the control feed (100%); (B) local cricket as the tested feed (100%); (C) Dubia roach as the tested feed (100%), (D) combination of guppy fish (50%) with local cricket (50%); and (E) combination of guppy fish (50%) with Dubia roach (50%). The treatments were given for 40 days, and the growth parameters of those Arowana seeds were then observed every 10 days. The observed parameters covered Survival Rate (SR), Absolute Length Growth (L), Absolute Weight Growth (W), Feed Conversion ratio (FCR), and Water Quality. SR, W, L, and FCR data were analyzed using ANOVA with a significant level of 95% and if there is a significant difference, the Duncan test will be further conducted. Meanwhile, water quality was descriptively analyzed.
The research results showed that the feed combination of guppy fish (50%) with local cricket (50%) could improve the SR and growth performance of Arowana seeds. The given feed combination with the ratio of guppy fish (50%) with local cricket (50%) resulted in SR (100%), L (9.07 cm), W (10.53 g), and FCR (2.36). Meanwhile, the water quality during the research was in appropriate and stable conditions.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 Aquacultura Indonesiana

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
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- Alam, M. S., Teshima, S. I., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M., Uyan, O., Hernandez, L. H. H., & Michael, F. R. 2005. Supplemental effects of coated methionine and/or lysine to soy protein isolate diet for juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 248(1–4): 13–19.
- Anas, P., Jubaedah, I., & Sudinno, D. 2017. Kualitas Air dan Beban Limbah Karamba Jaring Apung di Waduk Jatiluhur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penyuluhan Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 11(1): 35–47.
- Armando, E., Widodo, M. S., & Fadholi, M. R. 2018. The Effect Of Different Temperature Toward The Survival Rate And Specific Growth Rate Of The Silver Arwana Fish (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum). Journal Of Aquaculture Development And Environment, 1(1): 31–34.
- Ashari, M. S. 2019. Evaluasi Kandungan Nutrisi “Ceremende” (Blaptica Dubia) Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Substitusi Tepung Ikan Dalam Pakan Ternak Ayam Pedaging. Sarjana Thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
- Murtidjo. 2001. Penangkaran Ikan Arwana (Tropical A). Kanisius, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
- Boyd, E.C. 1982. Water Quality Management for Rational Effluent and Stream. Strandart of Tropical Coutries, AIT. Bangkok, 59 hlm.
- Braga, E., Azevedo, J., Oliveira, A., & Favaro, D. 2017. Trace Elements and Nuclear Abnormalities in Fish Species of Two Brazilianestuarine Regions – An Attempt to Increase the Matrix for Environmental Monitoring. Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology, 6(2): 1–11.
- Cao, J. M., Chen, Y., Zhu, X., Huang, Y. H., Zhao, H. X., Li, G. L., Lan, H. B., Chen, B., & Pan, Q. 2012. A study on dietary l-lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1): 35–45.
- Dahril, I., Tang, U. M., & Putra, I. 2017. Pengaruh Salinitas Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis sp.). Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 45(3): 67–75.
- Dawood, M. A. O., Ali, M. F., Amer, A. A., Gewaily, M. S., Mahmoud, M. M., Alkafafy, M., Assar, D. H., Soliman, A. A., & Van Doan, H. 2021. The influence of coconut oil on the growth, immune, and antioxidative responses and the intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry features of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 47(4): 869–880.
- Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah Kualitas Air Bagi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan Perairan. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB).
- Effendie dan Ichsan, M. 1997. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
- Effendie, M. . 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
- Emilia. 2002. Mengenal Lebih Dekat Arowana Si Ikan Naga. PT. Agro Media Pustaka.
- Fadillah, H., Junaidi, M., & Azhar, F. 2022. Efektivitas Penggunaan Nitrosomonas dan Nitrobacter Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Air Media Budidaya Ikan Nila. Jurnal Perikanan, 12(1): 54–65.
- Fauzia, S. R., & Suseno, S. H. 2020. Resirkulasi Air untuk Optimalisasi Kualitas Air Budidaya Ikan Nila Nirwana (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat, 2(5): 887–892.
- Feng, Y., X. M. Chen., and M. Z. 2014. The Rearing and Utilization of Cockroach in Yunnan, China. Book of Abstracts of Conference on Insects to Feed The World, The Netherlands, 14–17.
- Froese, R. 2000. “Species Summary for Osteoglossum bicirrhosum”. http// www.fisbase.org/Summary/ SpeciesSummary.cfm?ID=6234. Diakses tanggal 14 Maret 2023.
- Gunawan, H., Tang, U. M., & Mulyadi. 2019. Pengaruh Suhu Berbeda terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Selais (Kryptopterus lais). Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 24(2): 101–105.
- Hasrah, Shilman, M. I., Nasir, M., Muhammad, A., Studi, P., Budidaya, T., Pdd, P., Negeri, P., & Hulu, K. K. 2022. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat Kecerahan Warna Sisik Ikan Arwana Super Red (Scleropages Formosus) 10(1): 70–75.
- Hazel, J. R., & Prosser, C. L. 1974. Molecular mechanisms of temperature compensation in poikilotherms. Physiological Reviews, 54(3): 620–677.
- Huet, M. 1971. Texbook of Fish Culture and Cultivation of Fish Fishing. New Book Ltd. England, 436 hlm.
- Yang, H.J., Y.J. Liu, L.X. Tian, G. Y. L. and H. R. L. 2010. Effects of Supplemental Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance and Body Composition for Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
- Hui Jun Yang , Yong Jian Liu , Li Xia Tian , Gui Ying Liang and Hao Ran Lin Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 5(2): 222–227.
- Hermawan, I. dan W. Setiawan. 2013. Budidaya Belut. AgroMedia Pustaka.
- .
- Lestari, T. P., & Dewantoro, E. 2018. Pengaruh Suhu Media Pemeliharaan Terhadap Laju Pemangsaan Dan Pertumbuhan Larva Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Ruaya: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 6(1): 14–22.
- Liya Yi, Catriona M. M. Lakemond, Leonardo M. C. Sagis, Verena Eisner-Schadler, Arnold Van Huis, and M. A. J. S. V. B. 2013. Extraction and characterisation of protein fractions from five insect species. Food Chemistry, 141(4): 3341–3348.
- Marie, R., Syukron, M. A., & Rahardjo, S. S. P. 2018. Eksistensi Usaha Petani Budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) Di Desa Warukapas Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 5(1): 1–6.
- Martens, E.A., S.Y. Tan, M.V. Dunlop, R.D. Mattes, M.S. Westerterp-Plantenga. 2014. Protein leverage effects of beef protein on energy intake in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol 99/6. Science Direct Pages 1397-1406..
- Mulyani, Y., Yulisman, & Fitrani, M. 2014. Pertumbuhan dan Efesiensi Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipuasakan Secara Periodik. Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia, 2(1): 1–12.
- Oloo. J. A., M. Ayieko, J.M. Nyongesah. 2019. Acheta domesticus (Cricket) feed resources among smallholder farmers in Lake Victoria region of Kenya. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1242
- Pastell, H., Mellberg, S., Ritvanen, T., Raatikainen, M., Mykkänen, S., Niemi, J., Latomäki, I., & Wirtanen, G. 2021. How Does Locally Produced Feed Affect the Chemical Composition of Reared House Crickets (Acheta domesticus)? ACS Food Science and Technology, 1(4): 625–635.
- Perkasa E. B. M. 2007. 57 Permasalahan Arwana dan Solusinya. Penebar Swadaya.
- Petrell, R. J., K.P. and Ang. 2001. Effects of pellet contrast and light intensity on salmonid feeding behaviours. Aquaculture Engineering. Vol 25/3/ Pages 175-186
- Rizzo, E., and N. Bazzoli, 2020. Chapter 13 - Reproduction and embryogenesis in Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish. Academic Press, Pages 287-313. Science Direct.
- Romadhona, B., Yulianto, B., & Sudarno, S. 2016. Fluktuasi Kandungan Amonia Dan Beban Cemaran Lingkungan Tambak Udang Vaname Intensif Dengan Teknik Panen Parsial Dan Panen Total. SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 11(2): 84–93.
- Said, D. S., Supyawati, W., Noortiningsih, dan, Pusat Penelitian Limnologi-LlPl Komplek LIPI Cibinong Komplek LIPI Cibinong, I., & Raya Bogor, J. K. 2005. Effect of FeedingType and Light Intensity to The Color Appearance of Male Red Rainbow Fish, Glossolepis incisusl. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 5(2), 61–67.
- Santanumurti, M. B., Samara, S. H., Pratama, E. K. W., Hudaidah, S., & Putri, B. 2021. The evaluation of seed production of silver arowana fish Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) with different natural feeding. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 718(1): 1–5.
- Seymoure, B., E.K. Peterson, R.Y. Chock. 2021. Chapter 18 - Conservation behavior: effects of light pollution on insects.. Science Direct. Pages 315-335.
- Shilman, I., Suparmin, & Irmawan, F. 2021. Penentuan Kualitas Ikan Arwana Super Red Determination Of Super Red Arowana (Scleropages Formosus) Quality. 9(2): 70–79.
- Siegers, W. H., Prayitno, Y., & Anitai, S. 2019. Pengaruh Kualitas Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila Nirwana (Oreochromis sp.) Pada Tambak Payau. The Journal of Fisheries Development, 3(2): 95–104.
- Silitonga, Y. T. ., Sulardiono, B., & Purnomo, P. W. 2018. Peranan Tata Guna Lahan Bagian Hulu Terhadap Kesuburan Perairan Pada Waduk Jatibarang, Semarang. Journal of Maquares, 7(1): 39–48.
- Sugiarto, B. 2008. Performa Ayam Broiler Dengan Pakan Komersial Yang Mengandung Tepung Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum). 1–36.
- Sukarman, Ginanjar, R., Zamroni, M., Ardi, I., Musa, A., Fahmi, M. R., Priyadi, A., & Yamin, M. 2023. Effect of Different Enriched Crickets (Gryllus sigilatus) on Growth and Pigmentation of Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Var. Super Red. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 30(2): 392–403.
- Taufik, I., Azwar, Z. I., & Sutrisno. 2016. Pengaruh Perbedaan Suhu Air Pada Pemeliharaan Benih Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr) Dengan Sistem Resirkulasi. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 4(3): 319–325.
- Tawwab, M. A., Mousa, M. A. A., & Abbass, F. E. 2007. Growth performance and physiological response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) fed organic selenium prior to the exposure to environmental copper toxicity. Aquaculture, 272(1–4), 335–345.
- Tjakrawidjaja, A. H., & Lipi, P. P. B.-. 2006. Pertumbuhan ikan arwana Irian (Scleropages jardinii Saville-Kent) in aquarium. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 6(1), 61–65.
- Turek, J., Sampels, S., Tilami, S. K. H. A. L. I. L. I., Červený, D., Kolářová, J., Randák, T., Mráz, J., Másílko, J., Steinbach, C., Burkina, V., Kozák, P., & Žlábek, V. 2020. Insects in the feed of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (Actinopterygii, salmonidae): Effect on growth, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(2): 171–181.
- Utami, L. N. 2018. Produktivitas Jangkrik Kalung (Gryllus Bimaculatus) Yang Diberi Pakan Konsentrat Buatan Hasil Substitusi Tepung Daun Singkong Muda Laras Noor Utami. Ilmu, Departemen Dan, Produksi Peternakan, Teknologi Peternakan, Fakultas.
- Yahya, Y., Bijaksana, U., & Adriani, M. 2013. Pemberian Variasi Jenis Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Arwana (Scleropages Formosus) Di Dalam Wadah Budidaya. Fish Scientiae, 4(6): 145–156.
- Yamazaki, Y. 1996. Scleropages formosus in Rain Forest. Narumi Co., LTD.
References
Abidin, Z., Junaidi, M., . P., Cokrowati, N., & Yuniarti, S. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan konsumsi pakan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) yang diberi pakan berbahan baku lokal. Depik, 4(1): 33–39.
Alam, M. S., Teshima, S. I., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M., Uyan, O., Hernandez, L. H. H., & Michael, F. R. 2005. Supplemental effects of coated methionine and/or lysine to soy protein isolate diet for juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 248(1–4): 13–19.
Anas, P., Jubaedah, I., & Sudinno, D. 2017. Kualitas Air dan Beban Limbah Karamba Jaring Apung di Waduk Jatiluhur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penyuluhan Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 11(1): 35–47.
Armando, E., Widodo, M. S., & Fadholi, M. R. 2018. The Effect Of Different Temperature Toward The Survival Rate And Specific Growth Rate Of The Silver Arwana Fish (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum). Journal Of Aquaculture Development And Environment, 1(1): 31–34.
Ashari, M. S. 2019. Evaluasi Kandungan Nutrisi “Ceremende” (Blaptica Dubia) Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Substitusi Tepung Ikan Dalam Pakan Ternak Ayam Pedaging. Sarjana Thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Murtidjo. 2001. Penangkaran Ikan Arwana (Tropical A). Kanisius, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Boyd, E.C. 1982. Water Quality Management for Rational Effluent and Stream. Strandart of Tropical Coutries, AIT. Bangkok, 59 hlm.
Braga, E., Azevedo, J., Oliveira, A., & Favaro, D. 2017. Trace Elements and Nuclear Abnormalities in Fish Species of Two Brazilianestuarine Regions – An Attempt to Increase the Matrix for Environmental Monitoring. Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology, 6(2): 1–11.
Cao, J. M., Chen, Y., Zhu, X., Huang, Y. H., Zhao, H. X., Li, G. L., Lan, H. B., Chen, B., & Pan, Q. 2012. A study on dietary l-lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1): 35–45.
Dahril, I., Tang, U. M., & Putra, I. 2017. Pengaruh Salinitas Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis sp.). Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 45(3): 67–75.
Dawood, M. A. O., Ali, M. F., Amer, A. A., Gewaily, M. S., Mahmoud, M. M., Alkafafy, M., Assar, D. H., Soliman, A. A., & Van Doan, H. 2021. The influence of coconut oil on the growth, immune, and antioxidative responses and the intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry features of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 47(4): 869–880.
Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah Kualitas Air Bagi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan Perairan. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB).
Effendie dan Ichsan, M. 1997. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
Effendie, M. . 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
Emilia. 2002. Mengenal Lebih Dekat Arowana Si Ikan Naga. PT. Agro Media Pustaka.
Fadillah, H., Junaidi, M., & Azhar, F. 2022. Efektivitas Penggunaan Nitrosomonas dan Nitrobacter Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Air Media Budidaya Ikan Nila. Jurnal Perikanan, 12(1): 54–65.
Fauzia, S. R., & Suseno, S. H. 2020. Resirkulasi Air untuk Optimalisasi Kualitas Air Budidaya Ikan Nila Nirwana (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat, 2(5): 887–892.
Feng, Y., X. M. Chen., and M. Z. 2014. The Rearing and Utilization of Cockroach in Yunnan, China. Book of Abstracts of Conference on Insects to Feed The World, The Netherlands, 14–17.
Froese, R. 2000. “Species Summary for Osteoglossum bicirrhosum”. http// www.fisbase.org/Summary/ SpeciesSummary.cfm?ID=6234. Diakses tanggal 14 Maret 2023.
Gunawan, H., Tang, U. M., & Mulyadi. 2019. Pengaruh Suhu Berbeda terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Selais (Kryptopterus lais). Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 24(2): 101–105.
Hasrah, Shilman, M. I., Nasir, M., Muhammad, A., Studi, P., Budidaya, T., Pdd, P., Negeri, P., & Hulu, K. K. 2022. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat Kecerahan Warna Sisik Ikan Arwana Super Red (Scleropages Formosus) 10(1): 70–75.
Hazel, J. R., & Prosser, C. L. 1974. Molecular mechanisms of temperature compensation in poikilotherms. Physiological Reviews, 54(3): 620–677.
Huet, M. 1971. Texbook of Fish Culture and Cultivation of Fish Fishing. New Book Ltd. England, 436 hlm.
Yang, H.J., Y.J. Liu, L.X. Tian, G. Y. L. and H. R. L. 2010. Effects of Supplemental Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance and Body Composition for Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Hui Jun Yang , Yong Jian Liu , Li Xia Tian , Gui Ying Liang and Hao Ran Lin Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 5(2): 222–227.
Hermawan, I. dan W. Setiawan. 2013. Budidaya Belut. AgroMedia Pustaka.
.
Lestari, T. P., & Dewantoro, E. 2018. Pengaruh Suhu Media Pemeliharaan Terhadap Laju Pemangsaan Dan Pertumbuhan Larva Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Ruaya: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 6(1): 14–22.
Liya Yi, Catriona M. M. Lakemond, Leonardo M. C. Sagis, Verena Eisner-Schadler, Arnold Van Huis, and M. A. J. S. V. B. 2013. Extraction and characterisation of protein fractions from five insect species. Food Chemistry, 141(4): 3341–3348.
Marie, R., Syukron, M. A., & Rahardjo, S. S. P. 2018. Eksistensi Usaha Petani Budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) Di Desa Warukapas Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 5(1): 1–6.
Martens, E.A., S.Y. Tan, M.V. Dunlop, R.D. Mattes, M.S. Westerterp-Plantenga. 2014. Protein leverage effects of beef protein on energy intake in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol 99/6. Science Direct Pages 1397-1406..
Mulyani, Y., Yulisman, & Fitrani, M. 2014. Pertumbuhan dan Efesiensi Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipuasakan Secara Periodik. Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia, 2(1): 1–12.
Oloo. J. A., M. Ayieko, J.M. Nyongesah. 2019. Acheta domesticus (Cricket) feed resources among smallholder farmers in Lake Victoria region of Kenya. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1242
Pastell, H., Mellberg, S., Ritvanen, T., Raatikainen, M., Mykkänen, S., Niemi, J., Latomäki, I., & Wirtanen, G. 2021. How Does Locally Produced Feed Affect the Chemical Composition of Reared House Crickets (Acheta domesticus)? ACS Food Science and Technology, 1(4): 625–635.
Perkasa E. B. M. 2007. 57 Permasalahan Arwana dan Solusinya. Penebar Swadaya.
Petrell, R. J., K.P. and Ang. 2001. Effects of pellet contrast and light intensity on salmonid feeding behaviours. Aquaculture Engineering. Vol 25/3/ Pages 175-186
Rizzo, E., and N. Bazzoli, 2020. Chapter 13 - Reproduction and embryogenesis in Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish. Academic Press, Pages 287-313. Science Direct.
Romadhona, B., Yulianto, B., & Sudarno, S. 2016. Fluktuasi Kandungan Amonia Dan Beban Cemaran Lingkungan Tambak Udang Vaname Intensif Dengan Teknik Panen Parsial Dan Panen Total. SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 11(2): 84–93.
Said, D. S., Supyawati, W., Noortiningsih, dan, Pusat Penelitian Limnologi-LlPl Komplek LIPI Cibinong Komplek LIPI Cibinong, I., & Raya Bogor, J. K. 2005. Effect of FeedingType and Light Intensity to The Color Appearance of Male Red Rainbow Fish, Glossolepis incisusl. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 5(2), 61–67.
Santanumurti, M. B., Samara, S. H., Pratama, E. K. W., Hudaidah, S., & Putri, B. 2021. The evaluation of seed production of silver arowana fish Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) with different natural feeding. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 718(1): 1–5.
Seymoure, B., E.K. Peterson, R.Y. Chock. 2021. Chapter 18 - Conservation behavior: effects of light pollution on insects.. Science Direct. Pages 315-335.
Shilman, I., Suparmin, & Irmawan, F. 2021. Penentuan Kualitas Ikan Arwana Super Red Determination Of Super Red Arowana (Scleropages Formosus) Quality. 9(2): 70–79.
Siegers, W. H., Prayitno, Y., & Anitai, S. 2019. Pengaruh Kualitas Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila Nirwana (Oreochromis sp.) Pada Tambak Payau. The Journal of Fisheries Development, 3(2): 95–104.
Silitonga, Y. T. ., Sulardiono, B., & Purnomo, P. W. 2018. Peranan Tata Guna Lahan Bagian Hulu Terhadap Kesuburan Perairan Pada Waduk Jatibarang, Semarang. Journal of Maquares, 7(1): 39–48.
Sugiarto, B. 2008. Performa Ayam Broiler Dengan Pakan Komersial Yang Mengandung Tepung Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum). 1–36.
Sukarman, Ginanjar, R., Zamroni, M., Ardi, I., Musa, A., Fahmi, M. R., Priyadi, A., & Yamin, M. 2023. Effect of Different Enriched Crickets (Gryllus sigilatus) on Growth and Pigmentation of Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Var. Super Red. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 30(2): 392–403.
Taufik, I., Azwar, Z. I., & Sutrisno. 2016. Pengaruh Perbedaan Suhu Air Pada Pemeliharaan Benih Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr) Dengan Sistem Resirkulasi. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 4(3): 319–325.
Tawwab, M. A., Mousa, M. A. A., & Abbass, F. E. 2007. Growth performance and physiological response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) fed organic selenium prior to the exposure to environmental copper toxicity. Aquaculture, 272(1–4), 335–345.
Tjakrawidjaja, A. H., & Lipi, P. P. B.-. 2006. Pertumbuhan ikan arwana Irian (Scleropages jardinii Saville-Kent) in aquarium. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 6(1), 61–65.
Turek, J., Sampels, S., Tilami, S. K. H. A. L. I. L. I., Červený, D., Kolářová, J., Randák, T., Mráz, J., Másílko, J., Steinbach, C., Burkina, V., Kozák, P., & Žlábek, V. 2020. Insects in the feed of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (Actinopterygii, salmonidae): Effect on growth, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(2): 171–181.
Utami, L. N. 2018. Produktivitas Jangkrik Kalung (Gryllus Bimaculatus) Yang Diberi Pakan Konsentrat Buatan Hasil Substitusi Tepung Daun Singkong Muda Laras Noor Utami. Ilmu, Departemen Dan, Produksi Peternakan, Teknologi Peternakan, Fakultas.
Yahya, Y., Bijaksana, U., & Adriani, M. 2013. Pemberian Variasi Jenis Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Arwana (Scleropages Formosus) Di Dalam Wadah Budidaya. Fish Scientiae, 4(6): 145–156.
Yamazaki, Y. 1996. Scleropages formosus in Rain Forest. Narumi Co., LTD.
