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Abstract
Increasingly intensive shrimp cultivation with high stocking densities and feeding can increase the pond productivity and influence the dynamics of pond water quality. Source water and the ponds water quality are managed optimally for the life and growth of the cultivated shrimp. The water quality management of ponds includes increasing the alkalinity, hardness and minerals. The purpose of this study were to know the relationship between shrimp productivity with the ponds water quality, especially water alkalinity, hardness and minerals. Observations were made on intensive whiteleg shrimp cultivation in 31 plastic (high density poly ethylene/HDPE) ponds in the coastal area of Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The shrimp cultivations were carried out for one cycle from October 2024 to January 2025. The ponds were square-shaped with areas of 2,025 to 2,500 m2. The shrimp stocking density ranged from 184 to 285 (mean 221 ± 30) shrimp.m-2. The shrimp were reared in the ponds for 61 to 91 (mean 77 ± 9) days. Parameters observed during cultivation included shrimp productions and the water quality of ponds, especially water alkalinity, hardness and minerals. The shrimp productivity of ponds were ranged from 20-36 (mean 28 ± 5) tons.ha-1, ranged from high to very high, supported by the water quality of ponds during cultivation were stabile (less fluctuating) and ranged from suitable to very suitable for shrimp production, especially parameters of feed conservation ratio, alkalinity, hardness, Ca and Mg minerals.
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References
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- Widowati, L.L., S.B. Prayitno, S. Rejeki, T. Elfitasari, P.W. Purnomo, R.W. Ariyati, and R.H. Bosma. 2021. Organic matter reduction using four densities of seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) to improve water quality for aquaculture in Java, Indonesia. Aquatic Living Resources. 34(5):1-11.
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References
Afif A.H. and M. Munir. (2024). Method for Increasing Total Alkalinity above 200 ppm to Stabilize Water Quality in Vaname Shrimp Ponds (Patent Indonesia P00202415904). Ministry of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Intellectual Property.
BBAP, 2013. The cultivation of white shrimp in the pond. Brackish Water Cultivation Center (BBAP), Directorate General of Aquaculture Fisheries. Situbondo.
Boyd, C.E., C.S. Tucker, and B. Somridhivej, 2016. Alkalinity and Hardness: Critical but Elusive Concept in Aquaculture. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. Vol. 47, No. 1 : 6-41.
Correia, M., I.C. Azevedo, H. Peres, R. Magalhães, A. Oliva-Teles, C.M.R. Almeida, and L. Guimarães, 2020. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture: a laboratory and hands-on experimental activity to promote environmental sustainability awareness and value of aquaculture products. Frontiers in Marine Science. 7:156.
Do, D. D., Le, A. H., Vu, V. V., Nguyen, D. P. T., & Can, H. V. (2024). Effects of water quality parameters on growth performance of intensive shrimp pond (Litopenaeus vannamei). The Journal of Agriculture and Development 23(Special issue 1), 155-169.
FAO/NACA/UNEP/WB/WWF, 2006. International Principles for Responsible Shrimp Farming. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA). Bangkok, Thailand. Kepmen KP Nomor 75, 2016. General Guidelines for The Breeding Of White Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of The Republic of Indonesia
Poernomo, A. 2004. History of Development and Choice of Shrimp Culture Technology in Ponds. National Symposium: Development and Innovation of Aquaculture Science and Technology. Indonesian Aquaculture Society. Semarang.
Priyono, S.B. and B. Triyatmo, 2010. Management Practices of Shrimp Farming in Sandy Coastal Areas : A Case Study in Bantul, Indonesia. The International Seminar on ”Development of Coastal Sandy Area Towards Sustainable Agriculture”. Yogyakarta- Indonesia, 13-14 February 2010.
Sitanggang, L.P., and L. Amanda. 2019. Analysis of Alkalinity and Hardness Water Quality in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Farming at The Animal Health Service Laboratory at PT. Central Proteina Prima Tbk. Medan. Tapian Nauli, 1(1):1-7.
SNI. 2006. SNI 01-7246-2006 : Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Production in Ponds Using Intensive Technology. National Standardization Agency.
Triyatmo, B., Rustadi and S.B. Priyono, 2017. Characteristic and Environmental Carrying Capacities of Coastal Area in Yogyakarta Special Region for Aquaculture Ponds. Proceedings of International Symposium for Marine and Fisheries Research. Jogjakarta, July 24-25, 2017
Widigdo, B., 2003. Problems on Shrimp Culture and Its Alternative Solution. Indonesian Journal of Water and Fisheries Sciences. ISSN 0854-3194. June 2003, Volume 10, Number 1 : 18-23. Department of Water Resources Management. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. Agriculture Institute Bogor.
Widigdo, B., Wiyoto, J. Ekasari and A. Isnansetyo, 2019. Correlation of major mineral properties in brackish water ponds environment and pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei survival, growth and production. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12: 38-46.
Widowati, L.L., S.B. Prayitno, S. Rejeki, T. Elfitasari, P.W. Purnomo, R.W. Ariyati, and R.H. Bosma. 2021. Organic matter reduction using four densities of seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) to improve water quality for aquaculture in Java, Indonesia. Aquatic Living Resources. 34(5):1-11.
Wurts, W. A. and R. M. Durborow, 1992. Interactions of pH, carbon dioxide, alkalinity and hardness in fish ponds. Publication No. 464.
WWF, 2014. Better Management Practices (BMP) : Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaus vannameii) Cultivation, Semi-Intensive Ponds with Wastewater Treatment Installations. World Wide Fund Furniture (WWF)-Indonesia, Jakarta.