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Submitted
Dec 30, 2025
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Jan 19, 2026
Published
Jul 31, 2025
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Abstract

Gerokgak Subdistrict, Buleleng Regency, Bali, is a major center for marine and brackish-water aquaculture whose intensive activities generate wastewater rich in nutrients. This study evaluates the characteristics of aquaculture wastewater by analyzing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in water and sediment, assessing key physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters, and determining pollution index (PI) values. Wastewater from shrimp and grouper aquaculture was sampled using a purposive approach at two representative stations. Results show that shrimp aquaculture wastewater contains higher organic carbon and microbial abundance than grouper wastewater, indicating greater organic loading. Nitrate (0.396–0.597 mg/L) and ammonia (up to 0.794 mg/L) concentrations exceeded marine biota quality standards, contributing to PI values ranging from 2.63 to 3.17, classified as lightly polluted. The higher PI values observed in shrimp aquaculture wastewater reflect increased nutrient enrichment and microbial activity, which may elevate eutrophication risk in receiving coastal waters. These findings highlight the need for improved nutrient and wastewater management to support the long-term sustainability of aquaculture in Gerokgak.

Keywords

Grouper aquaculture Pollution index Shrimp aquaculture Wastewater Water quality

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Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Aquaculture Society 2024

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Author Biographies

Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, Doctoral Program Study of Environmental Sciences, Udayana University

Doctoral Program Study of Environmental Sciences, Udayana University

I Ketut Wija Negara, Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati, Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

Eka Ari Sutrisnawati, Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

Aquatic Resources Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Udayana University

I Nyoman Dodik Prasetia, Fisheries Biotechnology Program Study, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Fisheries Biotechnology Program Study, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

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