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Abstract
Various designs of floating fish cages have been developed by the fishermen, both for applications on the rivers, reservoirs, coastal areas, offshore and lakes. In order to optimise the ecological use of Lake Rawapening as fish farming area, it is necessary to change the design of cages as well as farming practice. The development of design of floating net cage has been done using Stratified Double Net Cages (SDNC), and it is considered to be one of the best alternatives to solve the problem. The aims of this study were to evaluate the application of Stratified Double Net Cages (SDNC) based on macrobenthic assemblages to assess the potential environmental impact caused by farming activities using SDNC. The results were compared to the reference areas, which were 1 (one) km away from the farming zones.This study was carried out at the ficinity areas of two SDNC. The cages were operated by fisherman groups of Ngudi Makmur and Rukun Santosa, located on the water column of Lake Rawapening, close to Asinan District, Central Java. The results showed that the composition of species macrobenthic assemblages between farming sites and control sites were different both in number and compotition, indicating the initial stage of disturbance caused by organic enrichment due to farming actitivites. The study provides important implications for the arrangement of Stratified Double Net Cage (SDNC) activities at Lake Rawapening, both in density and ordinate position in order to maintain the ecological function of this lake.
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References
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References
Clarke, K.R. and R.M. Warwick. 2001. Change In Marine Comunities: An Approach To Statistical Analysis and Interpretation PRIMER-E Ltd, Playmouth.
Fachrul, M.F. 2007. Metode Sampling Bioekologi. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Fauchald, K. 1977. The Polychaete Worms: Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles
Pearson, T.H. and R. Rosenberg. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 16: 229-311.
Putro, S.P., A. Sudaryono, R. Hariyati, and Suhartana. 2013. The Use of Multivariate and Graphical Methods in Assessing Environmental Disturbance: Temperate versus Tropical Regions. Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering and Technology (Online: www.jecet.org), 2 (4): 1175-1184.
Putro, S.P., A. Suherman, and R. Hariyati. 2010. Development of Aquaculture Environmental Management for the Improvement of Production Capacity for Sustainable Aquaculture Acitivites.The 1st Asea Uninet‟s Proceeding: The International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, Semarang,
Indonesia, pp. B7.1-B7.6.
Clarke, K.R. and R.N. Gorley. 2006. Primer v6: User manual/tutorial. PRIMER-E Ltd. Plymouth, pp. 150-155.
Putro, S.P. 2007. Spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic assemblages in relation to environmental variables. Journal of Coastal Development, 10 (3): 15-22.
Putro, S.P. dan Suhartana. 2008. Rehabilitasi dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumber daya alam kawasan rawapening dengan menerapkan
manajemen lingkungan dan ecological engineering dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Laporan KKN MG/L-DP2M DIKTI. Lembaga Penelitian
Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Putro, S.P. 2010. Environmental Quality Assessment of Fish Farming: Solutions Toward Sustainable Aquaculture. Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP), Saarbrucken. Germany.
Putro, S.P. 2014. Metode Sampling Penelitian Makrobenthos dan Aplikasinya: Penentuan Tingkat Gangguan Lingkungan Akuakultur.
CV. Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta.
Putro, S.P. and I. Svane. 2005. Effects of Fallowed Fish Farms on Macrobenthic Assemblages – A Full Year Assessment. Proceeding of Aquafin CRC2005Conference, Hobart, Australia.
Putro, S.P., I. Svane, and J. Tanner. 2006. Effects of fallowing on macrobenthic assemblages in sediments adjacent to southern bluefin tuna cages. Final Report of Aquafin CRC-Southern Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture: Evaluation of Waste Composition and Waste Mitigation. SARDI Aquatic Science, Adelaide.
Snelgrove, P.V.R. and C.A. Butman. 1994. Animal-sediment relationship revisited: cause versus effect. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review, 32: 111-177.
Weston, D.P. 1988. Macrobenthos-sediment relationships on the continental shelf off cape htteras, North Carolina. Continental Shelf Research, 8: 267-286