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Abstract
The efficacy of mineral- amino acid complex of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Se for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, diet compare to inorganic mineral on growth performance, feed utilization and immunity was studied. The treatments were 1) the control diet with contained inorganic minerals of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Se (T1-C1X). 2) treatment diet of the combination of inorganic mineral and organic mineral-amino acid complex 70:30 at the same level of control diet Availa Zn, Availa Cu, Availa Mn, Availa-Fe 100 and Availa-Se 1000 (T2- Inorg:org 1X) and 3) The sole mineral-amino acid complex Av complexof aila Zn, Availa Cu, Availa Mn, Availa-Fe 100 and Availa-Se 10000 at 0.5X (T3-Org0.5X). The results indicated that there were not significantly different (P>0.05) on the growth performance, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, Protein efficiency ratio and survival rate. The immune status in term of hemocyte count were significantly increase (P<0.05) in group of shrimp fed mineral-amino acid complex than control. Drip loss of peel white shrimp on 96 h was low (P<0.05) in group of shrimp fed mineral-amino acid complex than control. Therefore, mineral-amino acid complex of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Se at 0.5X (T3-Org 0.5X) exhibited the same growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate as inorganic mineral (T1-C1X) and combination of inorganic and organic mineral-amino acid complex (T2- Inorg:org 1X). Hence, organic mineral-amino acid complex has the efficacy around 200% of inorganic mineral on shrimp growth performance.
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References
- AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists).
- Official Methods of Analysis, 17 th Edition. Association of Official Analytical
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References
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists).
Official Methods of Analysis, 17 th Edition. Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, Washington, D.C. Ashmead, H.D.W. 1992. The Roles of Amino Acid Chelates in Animal Nutrition.Noyes Publications, NJ, 479 pp.
Bharadwaj, A.S., S. Patnaik, C.L. Browdy, and A.L. Lawrence. 2014. Comparative evaluation of an inorganic and a commercial chelated copper source in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed diets containing phytic acid. Aquaculture,422–423 (2014) 63–68
Encarnacion, A.B., F. Fagutao, O. Jintasataporn, W. Worawattanamateekul, I. Hirono, and T. Ohshima. 2012. Application of ergothioneine-rich extract from an edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, formelanosis prevention in shrimp, Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei. Food Research International, 45(2012)232–237
Hardy, R.W. and K.D. Shearer. 1985. Effect of dietary calcium phosphate and zinc supplementation on whole body zinc concentration of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42, 181–184.
Lin, S., X. Lin, Y. Yang, F. Li, and L. Luo. 2013. Comparison of chelated zinc and zinc sulfate as zinc sources for growth and immune response of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 406–407 (2013) 79–84
Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr, and R.J.Randall.1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol.Chem., 193: 265-275.
Murry, R.K., D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes, and V.W. Rodwell. 1993. Harper’s Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall International Inc., New Jersey.806 p.
NRC. 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp.
The National Academies Press, Washington,D.C.376 pp.
Yamaguchi, M. 1998. Role of zinc in bone formation
and bone resorption. J. Trace Elem. Exp.Med., 11, 119–135.