Aquacultura Indonesiana

2702 Addition of® Bioimmunity to Feed to Increase Immunity of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Raised in Cement Tubs

Aulia Wanda Devania — 2026-04-30

The purpose of this study is to determine the use of BIOIMMUNE® made from Sour Eggplant (Solanum ferox) and Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet) extracts mixed into pellet feed on the survival rate and immunity of vannamei shrimp (L. vannamei). The shrimp used are ±10 g/head and are kept in a concrete tub with a density of 20 fish/repeat. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments repeated 4 times with BIOIMMUNE® doses of 0 mL/kg (P0), 40 mL/kg (P1) and 60 mL/kg (P2). The results showed that the survival rate of the three treatments reached 100%, the highest total hemocyte cells were P2 (3.73 x107 cells/mL) and the lowest P0 (1.46 x107 cells/mL), the highest granular cells at P1 (59.6%), the highest semi-granular cells (34.6%) and the highest hyaline at P0 (41.6%). The average water quality in this study was 27.6 °C, pH 7.50, DO 5.20 ppm, salinity 16.4 ppt and NH3 0.16. In conclusion, the administration of Bioimmunity® did not differ significantly in the survival rate but gave a significantly different result in increasing vannamei shrimp immunity. Immunity increases at a dose of 60 mL/kg of feed.

2701 Performance of an IoT-Based Paddle Wheel Aerator System and Solar Panels in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation

Supendi — 2026-04-12

Water quality and energy efficiency are critical factors for the success of intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation. The objective is to study the performance of an IoT-based paddle wheel aerator system and solar panels that integrate the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and a hybrid power system (solar and PLN) in maintaining water quality stability and increasing productivity. The validation test was conducted from December 5–8, 2025, at the CV Riez Samudera pond, using a complete unit of IoT-based paddle wheel aerator and solar panels. The test results showed that water quality parameters (physical, chemical, and biological) were within the optimal range according to quality standards. The average clarity was 35.12 cm, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was stable at >7 mg/L, and the pH was 7.99. The implementation of this technology supports pond productivity reaching 25 tons/ha/year, far exceeding the national average productivity (2022–2024) of 21 tons/ha/year and the national intensive standard. The IoT-based paddle wheel aerator system and solar panels have proven effective in automated water quality management and energy efficiency, supporting sustainable shrimp farming.

2705 The Effect of Adding Papain Enzyme and TCR Calcium to Commercial Feed on The Growth of Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Dyah Ayuning Kartika — 2026-05-29

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the freshwater commodities in Indonesia with high market demand. In order to increase the growth rate of these prawns, their feed is supplemented with papain enzyme and calcium. The former is a proteolytic enzyme that plays a role in breaking down proteins into simpler compounds of amino acids, allowing it to be more easily absorbed into the prawn’s body. The latter, i.e., calcium, plays a role in the molting process by accelerating the gastrolization process, which eventually can accelerate the growth rate. This study aims to test the effect of providing papain enzyme and calcium from crab shell flour (TCR) to the reprocessed commercial feed. The subjects tested in this study were 6-to-9-gram giant freshwater prawns about 9-cm long, at a density of 1 prawn/2 liters of water. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 5 treatments and repeated 3 times. The treatments were referred to as P0 (Papain 0%; TCR 0%), P1 (Papain 2.25%; TCR 3%), P2 (Papain 3.375%; TCR 3%), P3 (Papain 5%; TCR 3%), and P4 (Papain 6%; TCR 3%). The best treatment was P3 (Papain 5%; TCR 3%) that had the values of EPP, FCR, PER, absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, RGR, SR, and molting frequency of 52.44%, 1.91, 9.99%, 3.74g, 2.08cm, 0.78%/day, 91%, and 1.38 times/head, respectively.

2703 Utilization of Fish Waste Flour as a Substitute for Fish Meal on the Growth Rate and Survival of Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Rezha Kaka Avinsha — 2026-05-09

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is a type of fish that is relatively easy to cultivate and has relatively fast growth. The quality and quantity of raw materials used to make feed must be considered to enhance the development of catfish. One of the nutrients in the feed needed by catfish is protein. Catfish utilize protein for the growth process. One alternative protein source to fish meal is fish waste meal. Fish waste meal contains a protein content of 46.02% and has a lysine amino acid profile content of 3.68%. This research aims to determine the effect of substituting fish waste flour for fish flour in feed on the growth performance of catfish. This study employed an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tested were treatment A (40% fish waste flour), B (30% fish waste flour), C (20% fish waste flour), D (10% fish waste flour), and E (0% fish waste flour). The test fish used were Sangkuriang catfish weighing 2.85-3.15 grams and stocking density of 10 per container. The catfish was reared in an aquarium with a water volume of 35 liters. Maintenance was carried out for 42 days with feeding three times a day at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00. The research results indicate that substituting fish meal with fish waste flour significantly affects (P<0.05) TFC, FUE, FCR, SGR, and absolute weight. The best dose of fish meal substitution with fish waste flour is treatment B (30% substitution of fish waste flour), which can produce TPW of 191.61±1.910 grams; FUE of 61.74±0.441 % FCR of 1.62±0.012; SGR of 3.87±0.043% per day; and absolute weight of 11.98±0.193 grams.

2704 Screening of Herbal Extracts as Potential Phytobiotics for Crab Aquaculture: Phytochemical, Toxicity, and Antioxidant Evaluation

Yushinta Fujaya — 2026-05-25

Phytobiotics have gained increasing attention in aquaculture as natural additives to improve the health and performance of cultured species, particularly crustaceans that are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. However, the identification of effective and safe herbal candidates remains limited due to the lack of integrative evaluation approaches. This study aimed to screen selected herbal extracts as potential phytobiotic candidates for crab aquaculture based on their phytochemical composition, toxicity, and antioxidant activity. Six herbal plants: Moringa oleifera, Amaranthus sp., Morus sp., Sargassum sp., Avicennia sp., and Apium graveolens were evaluated. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard qualitative methods, toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay. All extracts contained various secondary metabolites, with flavonoids and steroids/terpenoids being the dominant compounds. Toxicity analysis indicated LC₅₀ values of 786.69 μg/mL for M. oleifera, and 779.40 μg/mL for Morus sp., indicating safe to moderately toxic ranges. In comparison, Sargassum sp. (1355.56 μg/L) and Avicennia sp. (2199.20 μg/mL) exhibited the lowest toxicity. Antioxidant activity varied among species, with A.graveolens (IC₅₀ = 324.24 ± 6.00 μg/mL), M. oleifera (234.14 ± 7.23 μg/mL), and Morus sp. (199.18 ± 1.58 μg/mL) showing strong activity. Scatter plot analyses and an integrative Phytobiotic Safety–Efficacy Map approach identified T. catappa, M. oleifera, and Morus sp. as the most promising phytobiotic candidates due to their strong antioxidant activity and acceptable safety levels. These findings highlight the potential of herbal phytobiotics to mitigate oxidative stress and support physiological processes in crab aquaculture.