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Abstract
Indonesia shrimp products are often rejected by foreign countries due to high antibiotic content, whereas a few years ago Japan and European countries are set 0.05 ppb permitted to consume by the people, but now the restriction will become smaller, which is 0.1 ppb. Some farmer have topped using antibiotics but the residues were still found in fish flesh. Possible origin of the antibiotic is from environment because residues are still exist in the mud, water organism which lives in the pond. Samples originating from shrimp, mud, water and other biota were examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin of antibiotic present in the cultivation or farming system that does not use antibiotics in shrimp production.: a. Antibiotics obtained from ponds in the Tuban area is 1.8 mg/L (mud), 0.8 mg/L (water) and 2.1 (biota). b. Antibiotics obtained from ponds in Gresik were 0.6 mg/L (mud), 0.3 mg/L (water) and 1.2 (biota). c. Antibiotics obtained from ponds in the area of Situbondo are 0.3 mg/L (mud), 0.1 mg/L (water) and 0.6 (biota). d. a. Antibiotics obtained from ponds in the area are 0.3 mg/L Probolinggo (mud), 0.2 mg/L (water) and 0.6 mg/L (biota).
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References
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References
Austin, B. and D. Austin. 1988. Bacterial Fish Pathogen. Ellis Hoorwood. London. Pp 250 -262.
Baticados, M.C.L, C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo, E.R. Cruz- Lazierda, L.D. dela Pena, and N.A. Sunaz. 1990. Studies on the chemical control of luminous bacteria Vibrio and rearing water.Dis. Aquat. Org., 9: 133-139.
Bjorklund, H., J. Bondestam, and G. Bylund. 1990.Residue of oxytetracycline in wild fish and sediments from fish farms. Aquaculture, 86 :359-367.
Cobello, F.C. 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environt. Microbiol., 8 (7):1137-1144.
Horwitz, W. (Editor). 1980. Methods of the analysis of
the Association of Official Analytical Chemist, 13 thedn. Section 42.196-42.201; 42.21.12b; 42-272-42.274. AOAC, Washington, DC, pp. 719-722, 729.
Leano, E.M., V.B.M. Inglis, and I.H, Mc Rae. 1999.Antibiotic resistant of Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolated from fish and shrimp tissues rearing water in Panay Island, Philliphinnes. UPV J. Nat. Sci., 3(1) : 23-26.
Nygaard, K., B.T. Lunestad, H. Hektoen, J.A. Berge, and V. Hormazabal. 1992. Resistance to oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and furazolidone in bacteria from marine sediments. Aquaculture, 104 : 31-36.
Paone, S. 2000. farmed and dangerous : human healthrisk associated with salmon farming. www.ancientrainforest. Org. 24 des 2008.
Peterson, A, J. S.Strodl, T. Kaewmak, T. Somsirians, and A. Dalgard. 2002. Impact of Fish Farmingon Antimicrobial Resistance in a Pond Environtment. J. Applied and Environt. Micrbiol., 68(12) : 6036-6042.
Primavera, J.H., C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo, J.M. Ladja, and M. de la Pena. 1993. A survey of chemical and biological products used in intensive prawn farms in the Philiphinnes. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26 : 35-40.
Spanggaard, B., F. Jorgensen, L. Gram, and H.H. Huss. 1993. Antibiotics resistance in bacteria isolated from three freshwater fish farms and an unpolluted stream Denmark. Aquaculture, 115 : 195-207.
Tendencia, E.A. and L.D. dela Pena. 2001. Antibiotics resistance of bacteria from shrimp ponds. Aquaculture, 195 : 193-204.
Thomson, S. 1966. Determination of oxytetracycline
(Terramycine) in animal tissues. Microbiological Plate Diffusion Method Pfizer Corporation, Quality control Dept., Dallas. Texas.